Should Hate Speech and Hate Sites Be Banned from the Internet Free Essays

Should loathe discourse and abhor destinations be prohibited from the Internet? | 1. Presentation Internet can be named as one of the most progressive innovations of the 21st century. Be that as it may, much the same as some other thing on the planet, it has its positive focuses and a clouded side also. We will compose a custom article test on Should Hate Speech and Hate Sites Be Banned from the Internet? or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now A few clients have utilized this creation while others use it in a destructive way. One of the most mainstream and advantageous method of investigating these days, is to locate the pertinent data on the web. Be that as it may, because of the everlasting remorselessness on the planet, some data on the web can end up being hurtful for the separate individual. It may be some substance that gives improper data or attempt to impact its watchers to go on an inappropriate way. 2. Review A site that advances or uses despise discourse against race, network, sexual orientation, individual, religion, nationality and so forth is known as a detest site. The individuals who are liable for putting these things on the web; take use text as well as designs, sounds and movements are likewise used to impact their perusers more. It may be utilized to persuade individuals to join a specific gathering of individuals who neutralize a few ideas or individuals, for e. . ; StormFront. organization has an abhor site against Martin Luther King, Jr who was an American lobbyist and a pioneer. More House College (2008) states that he is celebrated for his commitments in the African-American common right developments. In the previously mentioned site, content brimming with despise is expounded on the dissident and guarantee that there is an extensive rundown of wrong activities done by him. The site terms him â€Å"modern day plastic God†. Such culpable substance about the man is conceivable because of the much proposed idea of â€Å"freedom of speech†. This idea centers around the opportunity of composing or saying whatever an individual feels is right. This verbal opportunity additionally gives the author the ability to speak freely without being responsible for doing it. In any case, what these individuals neglect to comprehend is that with the right to speak freely of discourse comes gereat obligation too. They have a duty to just pass on the message which would not annoy anybody or damage anybody throughout everyday life. 3. Approaches to Inhibit Hate Sites There are roughly 4 billion pages on the web in this way it is hard to guarantee that no abhor content is pated on them. There are various manners by which this issue is taken care of by various nations. For e. g. Media Awareness Network (2009) states that as per the Canadian Human Rights Act Section 13, any content conveyed by any media transmission implies (counting web) that may advance disdain towards an individual or any of the accompanying things is denied; 1Race 2Nationality 3Religion 4Gender and so forth Akdeniz et al (2008) expressed that the Turkish governments are extremely touchy about the detest content with respect to their state and authorities. They additionally make a move against the despise destinations advancing bigotry and fear based oppression. Though United Kingdom have a casual mentality towards bigot content yet are exceptionally alert about any despise content with respect to their sovereignty. 4. Impacts of Hate Sites on the Society 4. 1Effect on Children of the cutting edge age are additionally well informed and investigate the web simply like grown-up. In this manner they are obligated to presentation to despise locales as much as we seem to be. Children’s minds resemble clear papers and structure view of things without any problem. They will in general produce results of things more than grown-ups. On the off chance that they are presented to such substance, a level of animosity and cynicism is prompted in their character. This antagonism prompts a negative and miserable mentality about everything in life which impedes in their accomplishments. The animosity in their characters prompts causing them to perpetrate wrongdoings when they grow up; in this way making the general public risky and inefficient. Subsequently detest locales ought to be precluded to guarantee that our childhood form into fruitful and positive people. 4. 2Communal Groups It is a typical practice for individuals to shape little gatherings and networks based on their comparable thoughts and ideas. The issue emerges when they begin being vocal about their thoughts in a forceful way. Such a model is of the Knights Party (2010): The Ku Klux Klan association in the United States; it is one of the greatest despise bunch associations in the nation. Their point is to protect the rights and interests of the white American, may it be through rough or forceful methods. Their site is recorded to have content brimming with loathe against the African-Americans, Jews and different minorities. They attempt to impact individuals to go along with them in their points and furthermore utilize this medium to advance their forceful assemblies. Such improper locales ought to be prohibited from the web. Fig. 1: KKK during their meeting 4. 3Terrorist Organizations Nowadays, psychological oppressor associations likewise have destinations. They pass on their destinations to others and straightforwardly state loathe content for their foes. This may impact the guiltless individuals in the general public and impact them to join these associations consequently expanding psychological warfare in the general public. They may state off base realities about their foes just with the goal that the individuals get impacted by the data and join their gatherings. 5. Destinations Chosen for Analysis The locales that were investigated for the abhor discourse are as per the following; http://www. kkk. com/†The official site of â€Å"The Ku Klux Klan† fundamental site; publicizes detest content against the minorities of the general public and cases to defend their White incomparability at each cost. http://www. martinlutherking. organization/†Content loaded with loathe against Martin Luther King, Jr 6. End After a complete examination of the theme being talked about, it tends to be presumed that detest locales on the web are at risk to make hurt mankind and the harmony and amicability of our social orders. In this manner proper laws and guidelines ought to be executed to close down the locales which ex0pose individuals to such improper substance. It is likewise the obligation of the residents of the general public to report such abhor locales to the concerned specialists with the goal that we can seek after a protected future on the web for our childhood. References StormFront. organization, Matin Luther †A True Historical Examination, [Online] Available at: http://www. artinlutherking. organization/More House College. (2008). Martin Luther King Jr Collection, [Online] Available at:http://www. auctr. edu/mlkcollection/Media Awareness Network. (2009). Online Hate and Free Speech, [Online] Available at: http://www. media-mindfulness. ca/english/issues/online_hate/hate_and_free_speec h. cfm, Akdeniz. Y, Altiparmak. K. (2008). Web: Restricted Access: A Critical Assessment of Internet Content Regulation and Censorship in Turkey, [Online] Available at: http://www. digital rights. organization The Knights Party, (2010), [Online] Available at: http://www. kkk. com/ The most effective method to refer to Should Hate Speech and Hate Sites Be Banned from the Internet?, Papers

Beliefs of filipino women: Traditional feminine gender

Convictions of filipino ladies: Traditional ladylike sexual orientation A 2 (US ladies versus Filipino ladies) X 2 (little girls versus moms) ANOVA coordinated gathering structure with the OKelly Women Beliefs Scale (2010) scores as the reliant variable was led to consider unreasonable convictions about customary female sex diagram from a Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) point of view (Ellis, 1956) in an example of Filipino ladies living in the US. Results demonstrated critical principle impact for culturally diverse contrasts among the two racial gatherings, however no noteworthy fundamental impact was found for generational contrasts among the gatherings. A Post-hoc Least Significant Difference (LSD) performed on the four subscale scores of the OWBS additionally demonstrated noteworthy contrasts in Demand with Filipino ladies scoring higher than their US partners, and scores of the two gatherings in Awfulizing, Negative Self-talk/Rating, and Low Frustration Tolerance (LFT) were not fundamentally extraordinary. Catchphrases: Filipino ladies, nonsensical convictions, sex mapping, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, OKelly Women Beliefs Scale Silly Beliefs about Traditional Feminine Gender Schema of Filipino Women Living in the United States This investigation assesses the multifaceted and intergenerational contrasts among Filipino ladies and US ladies living in the United States with respect to their convictions about the conventional ladylike sex job utilizing the OKelly Women Beliefs Scale (2010). A few components of cultural assimilation incredibly influence the worldwide movement, monetary globalization, and political clashes that emerge in the formation of multicultural social orders (Enrile Agbayani, 2007), that reviews with respect to this issue are basic in understanding it from a more profound perspective. There is an extraordinary amount of writing in regards to female points composed inside the applied plan of the Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy or REBT (Wolfe, 1985; Wolfe Naimark, 1991). The establishing specialist of REBT, Albert Ellis, built up this type of psychotherapy to help his customers in the remaking of how they see their pain by attesting the significance of taking it on with an increasingly philosophical standpoint. At the point when Ellis changed Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) to its current name of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), he recognized the conceivable chances in utilizing the term judicious as thoughts concerning it might fluctuate across societies (Ellis, 1999). Ellis consistently stressed the significance of taking his customers social foundation into thought while examining their perspective and mentality towards life. It has been viewed as that the improvement of the Womens Belief Scale agree with the rules depicted by Locksley and Colten (1979) , who feature that the utilization of a term inside a poll includes self-assessments and assumes examinations of itself that were absent like in Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1974) in the formative procedure of the things; this permits a critical impact of estimations on the portrayal of the ladylike sex that gives an unmistakable perspective of what practices are proper for females. The perspective on womans appropriate spot being in the home satisfying their family life, parenthood and satisfying their spouses, separated from the open universe of men didn't generally command the Western culture (OKelly, 1980). It was not until the ascent of free enterprise when autonomous agents could bear to help their needy spouses and youngsters kept inside the bounds of a hidden home, that this perspective on womens jobs began to significantly impact the advanced Western culture (OKelly, 1980). By the eighteenth century, these jobs inconsistently spread to the less prosperous classes and in the long run turned into the Western perfect for ladies (OKelly, 1980). In the ongoing years, with the assistance of the women's activist development, sensational changes in the Western social jobs anticipated from ladies are ceaselessly occurring. Women's activists demand that those standard perspectives on womens jobs enormously confine and control them from accepting their places as full grown-ups in the general public (OKelly, 1980). Be that as it may, less created nations keep on having severe perspectives on the jobs of the ladies in their general public and they expect to keep up their social convictions in regards to this issue. There are not really any examinations done to inspect the impact and impacts of these cultural jobs put on ladies from less created nations, similar to the Philippines, in their reaction to cultural assimilation and disposition towards life. The OKelly Womens Belief Scale was created inside the plan of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy or REBT, mirroring the procedure of convictions about Demand, Awfulizing, Global Rating, Low Frustration Tolerance (LFT) and Negative Self Rating. To build up this scale, 2,562 surveys were sent to ladies that worked in extraordinary organizations. With the information acquired of 974 surveys, the OKelly subscales were created: Demand, Awful, Low Frustration Tolerance (LFT) and Rating, which are nonsensical atomic ends or convictions recently referenced. Every one of these scales has inside consistency. The test-retest unwavering quality and legitimacy have been set up by the consequences of an example that comprised of 285 ladies, wherein 37 additionally finished The OKelly Womens Belief Scale a month later. In the estimation of the nonsensical idea from a REBT viewpoint, past investigations (Lega Ellis, 2001; Kumar, Lega, Bladiwalla, 2007) demonstrate culturally diverse and generational contrasts in the examples of USA, Latin America, Europe and India. Filipino Americans are one of the quickest developing minority bunches in the United States as they are the second biggest Asian American ethnic gathering, and the second biggest number of outsiders to the United States (Ong Loksze, 2003). Ongoing investigations propose that cultural assimilation, changes in mentality or qualities that outcome from the contact of one culture with another (Berry, 1997), may have something to do with perspectives towards ladies (Enrile Agbayani, 2007). As indicated by Berry (1997), there are four cultural assimilation procedures: detachment, minimization, joining, and absorption. Partition alludes to preferring ones unique culture and shunning interfacing with the host culture, while minimization is the point at which one doesn't effectively keep up either his own unique culture or the host culture (Choi Thomas, 2007). Then again, joining alludes to preferring ones own way of life while simultaneously associating with the host culture, and digestion is the point at which one deserts his unique culture for the host culture (Choi Thomas, 2007). The worldwide connection between United States and the Philippines has a rich and interesting history that has made the Filipinos very well recognizable to the American culture that even permitted them to handily receive the English language, instructive organizations, majority rule conviction framework, and confidence in the American Dream (Enrile Agbayani, 2007). Most Filipino settlers show up in the United States with a tremendous information about the nearby culture and the English language (Enrile Agbayani, 2007). Filipino ladies living in the US, for the most part as settlers, attempt to adjust to their host countrys social qualities while endeavoring to save their own simultaneously. Like others from ruined countries, particularly the individuals who have burned through the majority of their lives in their local nations, Filipinos are additionally very much aware of how troublesome it tends to be to live in a nation of constrained open doors like the Philippines. In any case, as other outsider gatherings, they likewise acclaim the United States as a place that is known for huge financial chance yet all the while revile it as a nation possessed by degenerate and individualistic individuals of sketchy ethics (Espiritu, 2001). Guardians of original Filipino youngsters implement elevated requirements particularly on their girls. Espiritus interviews recommend that there is a romanticized thought of womanhood dependent on customary Filipino qualities and convictions (Espiritu, 2001). This admired idea of womanhood is for a lady to think about her family (aggregate versus singular qualities), to increase great training (so as to help better the family), stay pure, devoted, and loyal (Agbayani-Siewert, 1994). More seasoned kids, young ladies specifically, are relied upon to think about their more youthful kin and perform family obligations even at an early age (Enrile Agbayani, 2007). Past investigations propose that while the more established female is given more duties, benefits are made effectively available as a rule to guys in the family. Most Filipino ladies, who took part in past examinations, additionally announced that their folks treated them all the more carefully while growing up when contrasted wi th their siblings (Enrile Agbayani, 2007). As they develop more seasoned, Filipino ladies are required to show qualities of a Maria Clara, or the best possible, marriage-disapproved, Filipino Catholic lady with great ethics (West, 1992). This generalized portrayal of a perfect Filipino lady keeps on existing in right now. Filipino ladies were educated and urged to be freely compliant with the goal that it will create the impression that men are the ones in charge (Cimmarusti, 1996). Almirol (1982), an analyst who played out a subjective report on Filipino American ranch workers from Salinas, California, found that a higher worth was set on guys over females and that ladies were disheartened to show power out in the open. Researchers have indicated that the Maria Clara generalization isn't just utilized by certain Filipino women's activist patriot, yet additionally by original Filipino foreigners (Ignacio, 2000). Earlier specialists show that regardless of the high social desires implemented on Filipino youngsters by their folks, they seem to have effortlessly absorbed into the American culture as the Filipino populace in the US has a high pace of school graduates, and the majority of these alumni are outsiders from the Philippines (Enrile Agbayani, 2007). Alternate points of view recommend the presence of progress and

First-Year Odyssey - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

First-Year Odyssey - UGA Undergraduate Admissions First-Year Odyssey I am happy to announce the newest program on campus for all First-Year students starting in Fall of 2011 (and beyond), the First-Year Odyssey program! This seminar program is designed for all new freshmen, and is geared towards connecting freshmen with faculty members in a small group environment (estimated class size is 15-18 students). The First-Year Odyssey program website just opened up, and you can now search from among the wide (and wild) variety of courses available. Every freshman starting in Fall 2011 is required to take a First-Year Odyssey course by the end of their first year at UGA, so you will want to start reviewing the options and make a list of the ones that interest you. You might even have a class with the Provost, the President, or the Dean of a college. This is an amazing new opportunity, and I am excited about this program. Here are a few examples of the 300+ FYO courses offered: The CIA in War and Peace Prediction: The Science of What Comes Next Books That Changed the World Chocolate Science Nature versus Nurture: The Role of Genetics in Your Life Comics in Context And Theyre Off: A History of Horse Racing Telling on Retail AA for Uncle Sams Oil Addiction Chickenology: Everything You Need to Know about Chickens Bollywood: Film, Narrative and Culture Please remember that this is a brand new program at UGA, and the website just opened up, so please be patient if there are a few things that need to be altered or corrected over the first few days.

Swot Analysis of Canon Inc. - 1106 Words

SWOT Analysis of Canon SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats, and is an important tool often used to highlight where a business or organisation is, and where it could be in the future. It looks at internal factors, the strengths and weaknesses of a business, and external factors, the opportunities and threats facing the business. The process can give you on overview of where the business, and the environment it operates in, is strategically. This is an important, yet to simple to understand, tool used by many students, businesses and organisations for analysis. The following SWOT analysis looks at Canon which is operating in Technology industry. The analysis shows Canons Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Canon’s reputation is strong and popular, meaning people view it with respect and believe in it. †¢ Being financially strong helps Canon deal with any problems, ride any dip in profits and out perform their rivals. †¢ A strong brand is an essential strength of Canon as it is recognised and respected. †¢ Canon has a high percentage of the market share, meaning it is ahead of many competitors. †¢ High quality products/services is a vital strength, helping to ensure customers return to Canon. †¢ Canon’s international operations mean a wider customer base, a stronger brand and a bigger chunk of the global market. †¢ Development and innovation are high at Canon with regard to their products/services, which is a sure strength in its overall performance. †¢ Canon’s position in the market is high and strong – a major strength in this industry as they are ahead of many rivals. †¢ Supplier relationships are strong at Canon, which can only be seen as strength in their overall performance. Weaknesses: Weaknesses of a company or organisation are things that need to be improved or perform better, which are under their control. Weaknesses are also things that place you behind competitors, or stop you being able to meet objectives. This section will present main weaknesses of Canon. †¢ Problems with stock are a weakness for Canon as they need to keep up with demand. †¢Show MoreRelatedCompany Description Of Canon Inc. Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pages1. Company Description 1.1 Introduction: Canon Inc. is a multinational corporation which is founded on August 10, 1937 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The Chairman and CEO of the company is Fujio Mitarai and the founders are Takeshi Mitarai, Goro Yoshida, Saburo Uchida and Takeo Maeda. They are specialized in the manufacturing of imaging and optical products like cameras, camcorders, printers, photocopiers, steppers and medical equipment. 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Propaganda Under Official Party Lines - 2207 Words

In Nazi Germany, the effort of consolidating propaganda under official party lines began gradually, following Hitler’s rise to power in 1933. Joseph Goebbels, Hitler’s Minister of Propaganda, created the Filmkreditbank in June 1933 as a means of credit lending to the film industry, which had suffered greatly in the recent depression. The entertainment industry also enjoyed a significant tax cut, from 11 to 8.5 per cent1]. In 1934, the Cinema Laws meant that the film industry could be corralled into a more unified message; the provisions allowed designations to be awarded to films that exemplified National Socialist ideals[2]. Films given these distinctions would enjoy elevated recognition and, consequentially, financial success, and those involved in the film would gain higher prospects in the film industry as a result[3]. 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Economical Factor Free Essays

The reason for this is because chicken and park are a healthier option and they are low in fat products. Many large supermarket brand their own company names on different produces which have similar nutritional values. Access to shops is another economical factor, foods will be easy to consume it all depends on the way which the person is able to access shops. We will write a custom essay sample on Economical Factor or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many supermarkets provide the best value for money due to the competitive prices. Most of the supermarkets can be accessed by traveling in public transport. Also there are other ways which people can shop for example internet shopping has helped widely for many people to access foods but not many have the access to internet. Food supply is available to us in markets and some of the produces travel around the world in order to reach the supermarkets. This suggests that most fruit and vegetables are available for us any time of the year which has helped in developing menus. Due to this it has been a large affect on the foods which are being supplied for example food products like fish are easier to be supplied and bought by people. Socio-cultural issues : Diet can be influenced hugely by family. Our eating habits can be guided by our careers and they are the ones hen we are younger make choices such as what we should eat and what we should not eat. We can learn about various things such as healthy eating,religious rules or indirectly through the foods which we consume. Some people due to their religion they may fast or they might have beliefs that they are not allowed to eat certain animals because they believe that these animals are unclean, because children are bought up like this they are socialized into the values of their culture. Also eating meals together as a family could be important in some cultures. ISO some religions have religious occasions involve food as a ritual. Education- The amount of money which is sent on education population about healthy eating and food hygiene and things which influence the foods we eat are high. Public health is important. Environmental health is viewed by the could they make sure that they are monitoring anyone who is preparing food for the public to consume and they also ensure that the food is prepared in a hygienic way which the customers are able to buy it-elf there is unsafe food hygiene is identified then there will be notice which will be issued and the organization can be temporarily IR permanently closed down-The inspections are carried out with and with out the organization knowing . Also they are awarded with stars which are between O and 5 stars. Health Education has been promoted and campaigns has gone to show improvement in public awareness of healthy eating. For example the Five-a- day campaign began in 2003, this was when a huge amount of money was awarded by the big lottery in order to improve the consumption of fruits and vegetables in primary care trusts. There are many other campaigns such as Change 4 Life. Food hygiene is another important factor which will benefit health. Even if the product is fresh or high in quality if the food hygiene is not good then the product would cause effects such as people getting ill or even killing them. Food labels are on many food products they allow the buyer to make choices about what food they are eating. If someone is choosing a healthier option then they will be able to read the label and see if there are high and low of certain nutrients which they might need. Many foods are found in the supermarket they are often marketed as they has health benefits. There are certain rules which are the manufactures cannot call foods as they are reduced calorie, the food has to be in the standard version in Order to be called as lower in calorie-However there are no legal definitions for the term low-fat, but produces cannot call foods which are high in fat as low in fat. Also if a food label has a ingredient displayed on the ingredient section then they must have it. There will be different roles for different health professionals. Dieticians has to work with patients who will need special diet and they try to make sure that the individual to eat certain foods within restriction due to their medical condition while they are trying to maintain a healthy balanced diet. Public health nutritionists does not work with individuals but they advise the government about healthy eating. Their advice can form the basis of public campaigns-Doctors are the in a ideal position which they are able to discuss paints diets during consultations-Many of the times people might go to the doctors more often-elf money is not in the correct weight and also if they are developing health issues such as high blood pressure. So therefore the doctor can advise to avoid certain foods such as saturated fat or high-salt foods. The doctor can also be referred to dietician if it is necessary. Nurses can also understand both healthy diets and also special diets. They also can suggest what foods to eat and what to avoid for a range of medical conditions-Also nurses also help with tube feeding and they can ensure that those who unable to eat independently receive correct amount of food and drink. Careers who work in both residential and community settings should be able to understand a healthy eating and special dietary requirements. Due to the lack of knowledge some cares have poor understanding in how to improve their ability to advise individuals on good diet. Sports nutritionist will work mainly with athlete to help them with their diet and to maximize their strength and fitness to make them to perform at their best ability. Also the nutritionist can prepare a diet plan that will have various nutrients and training which they will need to participate. Health and fitness instructors work at gyms and leisure centers and they also include personal training to maintain people’s fitness levels but they are not athletes. They also have a good understanding of different diets and healthy eating as this is a part of their training. Social Policy – There are different ways which their are improvements to the diets of the population through social policy. There are different approaches to health education, and it also involves creating a lot of opportunities which will help people to choose healthy options for their diet. For example there were policies such as Nutritional Standards for School Lunches were agreed by the school Meals Review Panel and implemented in 2006. The standards require that: High- Quality meat,poultry or oily fish are regularly available , at least two portions of fruit and vegetables should be available with every meal, bread other cereals and potatoes are regularly available , deep- fried food is limited to no more than two portions per week, fizzy and other confectioneries are removed from school meals and wending machines , children and young people must have easy access at all times to free fresh ranking water in schools. How to cite Economical Factor, Papers

Proceed International Scientific Conference -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Proceed International Scientifi Conferencec? Answer: Introducation Effective business communication is important for business success and the employees need to have good communication to make efficient business communication within and outside the office premises. As stated by Adnan et al., (2017), business communication should be concise and complete with management and employees' end. Business communication within the workplace must be clear and the employees must show confidence while conversing with others. In this study, I am going to test my business communication skills by identifying two key areas of personal capability. Soft skills are a combination of social skills, people skills and communication skills that help people in shaping the characters. Soft skills in communication are necessary to manage the people within the workplace (Berger, 2014). In order to manage the people, emotional intelligence and social intelligence both are important. Soft skills of an employee are also referred to as people skills as controlling and managing the people are needed. In soft skills test, there are 16 statements are there and each of the state has five scale rating like Likert scale. For each statement, the participant has to colour the column or scale he/she likes to choose. After answering all the questions, the participants need to calculate the score of the test. The statements are related to the feedback, decision-making, collaboration and speaking ability. Verbal communication skills test Verbal communication in the workplace is needed to quickly communicate with people in order to build the rapport with the co-workers. Verbal communication is the speaking ability in front of others that help the employees to gain influence, respect and become likeable among people within the workplace (Couldry Hepp, 2013). Verbal communication self-assessment test has 20 statements and each of the statement has 7 point scale. The participants of the test need to respond in an honest way as possible. The participants of this test need to choose 1 to 7 point based on the statement where 1 means very little' and 7 means a lot'. After taking the test, the participants need to calculate the score to understand the weaknesses and strengths in verbal communication. Non-verbal communication skill test Non-verbal communication among the people is done through the body language without words. Non-verbal communication is included the use of visual clues like body language, physical environment, distance and touch or voice. As stated by DeVito (2015), in working environment, wordless clues signal more than words through nonverbal communication. In the workplace, the leaders or managers use consciously or unconsciously use their facial expressions to make the opposite persons understand the meaning of the communication. In this test, there are 8 questions and each question has four alternatives. The participants have to answer correctly from the given alternatives. The participants can calculate the score after the test is done. Presentation skill test An effective presentation can reduce the conflict of communication. Presentation skills are associated with the confidence, relax and performance of the presenter. According to Fussell Kreuz (2014), employees can learn how to be comfortable and relaxed during the presentation and to increase the level of confidence during the presentation. Presentation skill test has 14 statements and each of the statement has five-point scales. The participants need to answer the statement accurately and five-point scales reflect not at all', rarely', sometimes', often' and very often'. After taking the test, the participants need to calculate the score. Self-perceived communication competency scale (SPCC) test Employees within a workplace try to communicate effectively with the fellow employees. As stated by Ganguly (2017), one employee can be more competent in one situation in communicating than other situation. On the contrary, one employee is competent in one situation and another employee is not at all competent in the similar situation. Self-perceived communication competency scale test has 12 statements. The operations need to give a score based on the statement from 0 (completely incompetent) to 100 (competent). After taking the test, the participants need to calculate the percentile of the sub-score through computer or calculator. Soft skill is also referred to as people skill that can help me to communicate effectively with the employees. Soft skills test comprised 16 questions and this test score ranges from 16 to 80. Fortunately, I scored 56 out of 80. Soft skill is important to me as this skill is helpful to manage the communication from leaders' or managerial level. At the managerial level, soft skills are important in communication to navigate the workplace environment, to work efficiently with others and to achieve the goals of the organisation. The result of the soft skill test showed me that I can identify the work process and I like to work with co-workers. My first priority is my needs; however, I like to work in collaborative. This test showed that my old habits of taking stress and tension during the work pressure. Verbal communication test Managers and leaders need to build the verbal communication in order to verbally motivate the people to become friendly, clear in speaking, thinking before speaking and authentic self-respect for the fellow people. This verbal communication tests score ranges from 20 to 140. Verbal communication is significant to perform effectively within a team. The result of the verbal communication came with 76. There are four slabs in the results category. My score fell into the category of second group (between 51 and 80) as my score was 76. This result showed that I have communication skills, but these communication skills are not well-developed. I am aware of my limits and I need personal development to improve my verbal communication skills. Non-verbal communication skill test Non-verbal communication is important as facial expression, eye-contact and gesture of the leaders or managers to understand the tone of the communication. Non-verbal communication skill test had eight questions and fortunately I managed to give all answers right. Therefore, I got the score between 35 and 40pts. This score showed that I am an excellent communicator. This score also showed the potentiality of me that my gesture can make people understand what I intend to communicate. Presentation skills test The presentation skill is part of the business requirements and the presenter needs to impact on the audiences. Presentation skill test had 14 statements to answer and I gave my responses. The result came with score 50. This score interprets that my presentation skill is just okay and the presentations are probably just average. I am an average presenter and I may not leave a good impression to the audiences. My message is essentially non-existent and my message is just likely to be soon forgotten. Therefore, I need to work on this skill in order to improve my presentation skill to become an excellent presenter. Self-perceived Communication Competence Scale (SPCC) test While doing this test, I was a little bit confused at first. There were 12 statements; I had to give my responses on the scale of 0 to 100 for each of the statement. I did the same however, I had to compute the sub score and I also had to add the percentages for the items. There are 7 subcategories in this test. I had to compute all the seven categories. In public, my score was 85. I calculated the other categories as well, meeting (75), group (83.3), dyad (90), stranger (73), acquaintance (86) and friend (90). My score is not higher, it was average. This score suggested that I have average self-perceived communication competence with basic communication context. Two communication issues In verbal communication self-assessment test, I managed to score less than 80. This showed that I have issue in verbal communication. Difficulties in communication and speech in public are common for many people and it is referred to as intellectual disability. I might face lack of stimulation in communicating verbally or I might face lack of confidence while I speak in public. Verbal communication is necessary while working within a team. Some people become excessive conscious when people work with people who are from different culture and language background. Presentation skill test showed that I have issues with making a presentation and I am not a good presenter at all. In business, the presentation is needed to persuade the clients or customers outside the organisations. In inside the organisation, managers or leaders present the company's financial matter, cast the vision of the organisation to the employees through the presentation. Presentation making skill as well as the good tone of voice, attitude, smile and audience attraction skill all are needed to be a good presenter. I need to be a good presenter as I lack in showing information through the presentation, I cannot persuade people properly and I may lack the motivation to persuade the people through oratory power. Reflect on two recent professional interactions In my previous organisation, I had to take the clients' call sometimes when my co-workers were absent. I used face lack of verbal skills when my manager asked to take a call from the clients. The clients were of various nationality and they had different moods and tone. I became extremely conscious about my words and I faced lack of stimulation in communicating verbally. I listened more rather I answered them back and I felt difficulty in making proper professional tone during the calls. Choosing the right words and assembling them in the right order became a challenge for me. I was an internship for two months and that time, I had to deliver a presentation in front of my colleagues and managers. I stepped on the stage and I saw almost 300 people were staring at me. I got nervous and tone became feeble. I could not deliver my presentation well even though I had prepared my presentation well. It was 10 minutes presentation and I ended up the presentation only after 7 minutes skipping some parts. During questions-answers session after the presentation, I felt terrible lack of confidence Verbal communication As opined by Ng Bradac (2013), verbal communication is about sharing information among the people and the interaction must be made with spoken words. In staff meetings, telephonic discourse, meetings both formal and informal are conducted using verbal communication. Verbal communication is very important for an employee to work as a team and work as a team member. In addition, leaders and managers possess the verbal communication skill as their oratory motivates the subordinate to work properly. As suggested by Mundy et al., (2016), organisation's image is portrayed through the employees' communication process. Organisations can use top-down communication and it can also use horizontal communication as well. Lack of verbal communication fosters hampering in a business relationship with customers, suppliers and other stakeholders. Effective verbal communication leads to a good relationship between employers and employees for enhancement of job satisfaction. Presentation skill Managers within organisations need to deliver a presentation on the quarterly or monthly basis as they need to present the reports, accounts and departmental project updates. In addition, senior-level employees have to deal with clients where they need to deliver on product or service descriptions for selling. Business deals are done with a presentation where the orators need to be persuasive with motivation. According to Alberts, Nakayama Martin (2015), preparing persuasive presentation can help to win the audiences heart and delivering this with proper tone, smile, smile and right attitude can win the brain of the audiences. Sometimes, business managers make a presentation to motivate the sales team and presentation celebrates some aspects of the culture of the business. As mentioned by Jolles (2017), no man is a born orator, each of the individual needs to learn how to present his offering in front of the audiences. Managers use their presentation skills to grab the attention of the audiences, stimulate the imagination, inspire the confidence of the audiences and develop the understanding. Theoretical understanding of communication Aristotle developed an exclusive linear model of communication, only for oral communication. This theoretical perspective of communication was the first and it was proposed in the year 300 B.C. This theory proposes the linear communication that starts with the speaker. As stated by Jensen (2016), Aristotle's communication model is referred to as speaker centred model as the speaker has the most important role in the communication process and role of the audience is mere passive in this communication. The speaker needs to influence the audiences by the speech and target audience judge the situation. The speech of the speaker needed to be prepared beforehand, so that the audiences of the speech gets involved with this and persuaded accordingly. Communication theory follows the framework: Mechanistic: This process attempts to make communication as a perfect transaction between sender and receiver of the message. Psychological: This process considers the communication as the way to sending the message to the receiver and this process tries to navigate the feelings of the receiver when the receiver gets the message. Social: This process is considered as the sharing and creating the meaning through information. The social process of communication is different as ideas and truths are constructed and invented through the social process of communication (Knapp, Vangelisti Caughlin, 2014). Shannon and Weaver's model is the key concept of communication function. Their model initially consisted of four parts, sender, channel, message and receiver. They proposed this communication process while working in telephone and radio technology. The sender of the message was the telephone speaker, the channel was the telephone and receiver was on the opposite party who was listening. According to Liu Fraustino (2014), communication can be termed as sending or receiving the information. Models of communication This model of communication was invented by Wilbur Schramm in 1954 and said that communication is a two-manner process. Each sender and receivers are responsible to receive and send the message. The message wishes to send after encoding, therefore, the sender of the message is referred to as Encoder. The encoded message desires to decode through the receiver, therefore, the receiver is known as Decoder (Writh et al., 2017). There are unique components of this version and sender is the person who sends the communication and this individual may be called transmitter as nicely. The encoder is the man or woman who converts the verbal exchange to be dispatched and decoder receives the message. The decoder converts the language of the message to a basic know-how. The function of the interpreter is sizable as the person attempts to make out and examine the message. Interpreter and receiver is the same character (Hybels, 2014). Encoding assumes to be an important part of beginning the manner of communication and changing the message into statistics is tough. Schramms version shows how the message is transferred to a group while interpersonal communication takes place and this version runs conversation as a never-finishing technique. As stated by McQuail Windahl (2015), communication process includes the act of conferring the knowledge among the parties. The forms of communication may depend on abilities of group communicating and this process can be referred to as information transmission. Berlos Communication model David Berlo conceptualised this model of communication and this model is also referred to as Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver Model. Sender starts the communication process and senders message is related to the communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, culture and social systems. A communication skill of an individual affects the process of communication and senders attitude reflects on the receiver. Next, message is the core matter that is being sent to the receiver by the sender. Message can be audio, text, video or other media. The key elements of the message are content, factors, treatment, code and structure (McQuail Windahl, 2015). Channels of the sending message can be like telephone, internet and five senses of the human beings. Five senses of the human beings are associated with hearing, seeing, tasting, smelling and touching to the people. At the last, receiver gets the message that is being sent by the sender and receiver believes that pattern of all factors must be ment ioned to sync the communication process. Communication skills, knowledge and social systems may not create the same effects if the sender and receiver are not in the linear process. As argued by Patton et al., (2017), in the Berlos model, there is no feedback policy and it is a linear model communication, two way process cannot be possible. Triandis theory of interpersonal behaviour Significant behaviour of the people is related to the four factors, contextual factors, attitudes, personal capabilities and habits (Petersons Khalimzoda, 2016). As opposed by Shockley-Zalabak (2014), in interpersonal behaviour, two factors play the major role, first is social factors and second one is emotions in the workplace by the employees. Significance of past behaviour is important in the present for the individuals in the workplace as it can shape the present motivation. Habits of the people can also mediate the behaviour of the people that influences by facilitating condition (Stread, 2013). Behaviour of the people is related to the intention of the individuals and partly the habitual response. The individuals cannot avoid the situational constraint as intention of the people in workplace can influence by effective behaviour and social factors. The behaviour in the workplace can be defined as deliberative, not fully automatic. Moral beliefs can impact on shaping the behavio ur of the people and it drives the emotion of the people and it creates limitation to the cognitive factors. Social factors in the situation is related t the roles, norms and self-respect, on the other side, emotional responses are related to the decisions of the people (Thatcher Evia, 2017). Rational-instrumental evaluations are included both negative and positive emotional responses. Individuals need to communicate properly and communication shapes the interpersonal behaviour as well. Action plan This part is based on my betterment plan for communication development. In the previous section, I have identified two of my communication issues that are verbal communication issues and presentation skills. For this, I am going to develop an action plan for 6 months (24 weeks) to improve my communication. Therefore, within this scheduled timeframe, I am going to achieve my desired goals. Short courses Short-communication courses can be very helpful for me to develop my communication and it will assist me in the workplace as well. These short courses on communication are mainly professional courses and I will complete these courses within 6 months of time frame. CQUniversity offers professional short courses to the young professionals to upgrade the skills and talents of the individuals. I would like to do courses on Assertiveness and Communication (3 months) and Adult Community Education (3 months). Individuals who are above 15 years of age can join in these courses and these six-eight week courses provide knowledge of communication that would further help in small business, automotive, IT and hospitality sectors. In addition, I would like to take a short course on Basic Computer Skills where I can learn about making a perfect presentation using Microsoft Office software and other upgraded software. In addition, I am going to enrol my name in academic masters' degree on Masters in Communication from CQUniversity that would definitely help me to improve my verbal communication and face-to-face conversation. This course can be done in 2 years for full-time and 4 years of part-time and this course will help me to develop my professional communication with discipline-specific employers. Reading plan Reading books always provide a person with confidence and makes the person knowledgeable. The proper reading plan can improve my communication skills and I make a plan that I will complete a book within a week. I will read quality books from renowned authors. I will read A Language of Life' by Marshall Rosenberg and I will also read TED Talks' by Chris Anderson. Furthermore, my reading plan contains Active Listening' by Emilia Hardman and The Power of Self Confidence' by Brian Tracy. Maintaining personal journal I will keep a personal journal where I will keep my improvements in date basis. Keeping a daily journal helps me to keep the account of activities and it will also help me to monitor my improvements and growth. Personal journal assists an individual to stretch the IQ and it evokes the mindfulness. Maintaining personal journal boosts emotional intelligence and it also enhances the comprehension and memory. I will share my emotion in this journal and it will eventually improve my communication and strengthen my self-discipline. Identification of mentor Having a mentor can act as a catalyst to improve my communication skills. I will also provide benefits of solving my error while communicating. Tim Harley was my teacher when I was in my school days. He used to teach us English and he taught Communicative English in higher classes. He was an excellent orator and he has gift of the gab. He has his YouTube page where he shares his tips on communication improvement. I will join his class as he lives near our surrounding as well. I will join his training classes during the afternoon in a weekly basis. Tim Harley may help me to improve my verbal communication and he can inject me with motivation and self-confidence. Gantt chart: Set of Activities Week 1 Week 3 Week 6 Week 10 Week 16 Week 24 Proper Reading plans Keeping a personal journal for communication improvement Taking short crash-courses of communication Training under a mentor (Tim Harley) Starting implementation communication for professional Taking admission for Post-graduation courses on communication Table1: Gantt chart (Source: Self-developed) Reference List Adnan, Y. M., Daud, M. N., Alias, A., Razali, M. N. (2017). Importance of soft skills for graduates in the real estate programmes in Malaysia.Journal of Surveying, Construction and Property,3(2), 23-26 Alberts, J. K., Nakayama, T. K., Martin, J. N. (2015).Human communication in society. Sydney: Pearson. Berger, J. (2014). Word of mouth and interpersonal communication: A review and directions for future research.Journal of Consumer Psychology,24(4), 586-607. 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(2014).Interpersonal communication human relationships. Sydney: Pearson Higher Ed. Liu, B. F., Fraustino, J. D. (2014). Beyond image repair: Suggestions for crisis communication theory development.Public Relations Review,40(3), 543-546. McQuail, D., Windahl, S. (2015).Communication models for the study of mass communications. Abingdon: Routledge. Mundy, P., Sigman, M., Ungerer, J., Sherman, T. (2016). Defining the social deficits of autism: The contribution of non?verbal communication measures.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry,27(5), 657-669. Ng, S. H., Bradac, J. J. (2013).Power in language: Verbal communication and social influence. Sage Publications, Inc. Patton, L. J., Tidwell, J. D., Falder-Saeed, K. L., Young, V. B., Lewis, B. D., Binder, J. F. (2017). Ensuring safe transfer of pediatric patients: A quality improvement project to standardize handoff communication.Journal of Pediatric Nursing,34, 44-52. Petersons, A., Khalimzoda, I. (2016). Communication models and common basis for multicultural communication in Latvia. In Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. 423, 433. Shockley-Zalabak, P. (2014).Fundamentals of organizational communication. Sydney: Pearson. Stead, B. A. (2013). Berlo's communication process model as applied to the behavioural theories of Maslow, Herzberg, and McGregor. Academy of Management Journal,15(3), 389-394. Thatcher, B., Evia, C. (2017).Outsourcing Technical Communication: Issues, Policies and Practices. Abingdon: Routledge. Wirth, W., Hartmann, T., Bcking, S., Vorderer, P., Klimmt, C., Schramm, H., ... Biocca, F. (2017). A process model of the formation of spatial presence experiences.Media Psychology,9(3), 493-525.